The Arctic is the area around the north pole of the Earth, is mostly a big ocean covered with ice and is surrounded by of land without trees and frost, has much life to both by organisms that there is on the ice, fish, mammals, birds and some humans. Socially and politically this Arctic region includes territories further north of the eight Arctic Nations (Canada, Denmark, USA, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia and Sweden).It has big problems in door, must first be taken into account that it is the most vulnerable area of the planet to climate changes and the slightest alteration can cause irreparable damage. To melt the ice, gives way to the water, which, rather than reflect sunlight, to the absorbed and this causes the casting of more ice, it is estimated that for the year 2040 it will be free of ice (some other experts say that you for the 2070). This would open a path of permanent navigation in the North and this would be key for countries such as U.S.A. due its commercial treaties. Step Northwest is one of the areas with greater interest by the countries involved.It is estimated that in this area there are large energy reserves of oil and gas (it is estimated that 25% of the unknown reserves of oil and gas are beneath these waters) and minerals such as gold, diamonds and other natural resources.He is currently a disputed territory, it was traditionally considered high seas. It is not anyone’s but neither are international waters.
During the war cold era of great interest since it meant an area magnificent to launch missiles between USA and the USSR.The Convention on the law of the sea of the United Nations establishes that landlocked countries are entitled to extend its sovereignty to 200 miles from the coast. This limit can be extended if any nation demonstrates that its continental shelf more than that distance. The law of the Sea established a time limit so that, from 2009 onwards, countries urging to extend those 200 miles.Today, the Arctic countries are disputed by this territory where the main interests are reflected in the long term.
